INTRODUCTION:
Power failure in general does not promote development to public
and private sector. The investor do not feel secure to come into a country with constant or
frequent power failure thus this limit the development of industries .
However Instability of power supply is a major
challenge in developing countries like Nigeria. The need for alternative power
supply makes the switching of load between two or more power sources
imperative.
The smart
automatic changeover eliminates the need for manual or human intervention
by sensing mains supply and switching to an available source. Automation
eliminates the delay and the cost of inefficiency associated with manual
operation.
This device automatically switches between the
power sources(PHCN and GENERATOR) and also indicates if utility power is
restored when an alternative power is in use.
This paper
presents the design and implementation of an automatic
Smart changeover for renewable energy systems.
The microcontroller based automatic Smart changeover
consists of power supply circuit
consisting of step-down transformer,
rectifier (full wave bridge), filter capacitor and the
voltage regulator (all the aforementioned basically converts ac to dc power),
logic circuit that detects when utility supply is restored, incorporated with audio and visual indicators respectively.
Renewable
energy sources generating direct current will require inverters to
produce the alternating current necessary for domestic
and industrial use. Otherwise they can substitute for the hydrocarbon powered
conventional alternator as alternative energy source.
Aims
and objectives
The load demand is
increasing day by day we are able to generate power to the require and we are
able to transmit power to the load center with maximum efficiency and minimum
losses.
The major problem
consumer are facing now is power interruption .due to this power interruption
lot of damage is caused in terms of money, time wasted and sometimes to lost of life .
However incorporation
of an automatic smart changeover system makes switching easy thus saves time and stress
Thus the need for this
automation in industrial and commercial usage is of almost value with the
factors stated below
·
To change automatically power supply
from one power source to the other with the aid of decision making unit
·
To eliminate the danger of electric
shock during the process of manually changing
power source
·
To provide an efficient means of
changing power source due to power failure from substation
·
To provide clean means of powering
electrical equipment being used in the premises
·
To provide a safe means of changing
power supply without human error and time wastage.
Scope of Project
The
scope of the project is design and construction of an automatic smart changeover .
Significance
The study of
this project is meant to contribute an additional knowledge to the existing one
as to enrich the readers with the knowledge of an automatic smart changeover
in the following areas which includes domestic and industrial
application.
Limitations
In
spite of automatic smart changeover suffer from
the following drawbacks:
- Epileptic power supply.
- Total Phase Failure of both mains and back up source.
Block
diagram
The unique
proposal uses microcontroller to enhance its decision making process, the smart
automatic changeover system comprises of
the following main units
- Visual display unit
- The protection unit which comprises of two main circuit breaker
- The decision making unit which comprises of microcontroller
- Switching unit which consist of two main switching contactors and relays
- Alarm unit.
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